Fences White People and Troy Essay - 1719 Words

Analysis of â€Å"Fences† August Wilson’s famous play â€Å"Fences† is a drama set in the 1950’s. Being a winner of the Pulitzer Prize for the best play of the year, this play has had many positive responses to blacks and whites in this society. It is about protagonist Troy Maxson as well as his african american family that is filled with drama and excitement. In Wilson’s Fences by Joseph Wessling he expresses, â€Å"Fences is about the always imperfect quest for true manhood. Troy’s father was less of a â€Å"true† man than Troy, but he was a hard worker and a provider. Troy, even as a runaway, carried with him his father’s virtues along with a considerable lessening of the father’s harshness and promiscuity†(5). In this essay you will learn about the†¦show more content†¦Troy does not see that times have changed from his times having more colored men playing baseball including football. What he is scared of the most is getting surpasse d by Cory. The IUP journal of english studies expresses this by saying â€Å"He cannot stand the thought of Cory getting abused by the athletic industrial complex in the same way. But he also cannot stand the though of Cory succeeding where he failed--just because he happened to be born twenty years too early†(1). Working as a garbage collector there are two jobs, picking up the garbage or responsible for driving. Troy being responsible for picking up the garbage, he does not understand why they have colored men picking up while the white men drive. After learning his lesson of being sent to jail one can come to realize that Troy has always wanted to be on top. First in not following his father’s footsteps and being a better man and father to his kids. He took the responsibility a man is supposed to take which is to take care of their family and provide them with their needs. Secondly, in trying to play baseball in the major leagues. Even though he did not get accepted because of the racial prejudice in his time one can see that if it was not for the racial prejudice involved in his time he would have made a very recognized baseball player. Lastly, working his way up as the first colored driver in his job as a garbage collector. Even though it was not the job of his dreams it helped himShow MoreRelatedFences Is A Play Written By August Wilson In 1983.The Play1181 Words   |  5 Pages Fences is a play written by August Wilson in 1983. The play investigates the evolving African- American experience and looks at race-relations, among many other themes. The main character of the play is Troy Maxson, a 52-year-old who struggled to satisfy his family need. Troy has had his dreams taken from him. He wanted more than anything to be a pro baseball player, but his career was stopped because of racial discrimination, which, lead to a misconception between Troy and his son. In thisRead MoreThe Symbolic Importance of the Fence in August Wilson’s Fences1179 Words   |  5 Pages Alan Nadel argues that the object of the fence in August Wilson’s play, â€Å"Fences† symbolizes a great struggle between the literal and figurative definitions of humanity and blackness. The author summarizes the play and uses the character Troy to explain the characterization of black abilities, such as Troy’s baseball talents, as â€Å"metaphoric,† which does not enable Troy to play in the white leagues as the period is set during segregation (Nadel 92). The author is trying to use the charactersRead MoreSummary Of August Wilsons Fence1095 Words   |  5 PagesThe significance of play â€Å"Fence† by August Wilson’s start from the setting part partially he was trying to show the structure of troy family. â€Å"The yard is a small dirt yard, partially fenced, except for the last scene, with a wooden sawhorse, a pile of lumber, and other fence-building equipment set off to the side. Opposite is a tree from which hangs a ball made of rags. A baseball bat leans against the tree. Two oil drums serve as garbage receptacles and sit near the house at right to complete theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Fences 1165 Words   |  5 PagesFences by August Wilson is a play about an African-American family in the 1950s. Troy Maxson is the breadwinner of his entire family because of his job in a garbage truck company. Cory, one of the children of Troy, is a great football player in high school and he wants to continue to play for college football, which has been absolutely denied by Troy because of the discrimination as a colored people they have. Rose, Troy’s wife, who is taking care of everything at home, but lost her love for TroyRead MoreAnalysis Of Fences By Fences Essay1419 Words   |  6 PagesAllie Weeks Mrs. Hartwig English 102 30 September 2015 Wilson has drawn from his experiences as a young black American to write the play entitled Fences. Fences describes the plight of black America; to escalate their standing in society from historic slavery to successful self sustaining through their own efforts and skills. â€Å"Significant for the playwright is the connection between the unique values and traditions of African American culture and the ability of its characters to overcome theirRead MoreThe Life of August Wilson Essay1193 Words   |  5 Pagesreality to life through acting and interpretation. August Wilson wrote the play Fences about his life: the heartbreaking reality of racism in his own life and the struggles he faced to overcome it. He had a hard childhood and career due to prejudice and fatherly abandonment, and he reflected that through his works of African American drama. Wilson uses the character of Troy, his family, and his friends in Fences to pour out his life, his hardship, and the horrifying difficulty African AmericansRead MoreEssay on Fences, by August Wilson1097 Words   |  5 Pagesresides within us. Racism basically refers to the characterization of people (ethnicity based) with certain distinct traits. It is a tool with which people use to distinguish themselves between each other, where some use it to purposely inflict verbal, physical or mental attacks on others while some use it to simply distinguish or differentiate from one another. It all depends on the context in which it is used. The play Fences by August Wilson, takes place during the late 1950’s through to 1965,Read MoreFences Research1694 Words   |  7 PagesWilson’s Fences The early 1950’s was a time of enormous importance because of the Civil Rights Movement which emphasized equal rights for blacks and whites. According to the book Approaching Literature, this time period became very familiar to August Wilson, the author of the play Fences. Wilson, an African American man, was raised by his mother and his ex-convict father. For a short period of time, before moving back to his old neighborhood, Wilson lived in a primarily white neighborhoodRead MoreAnalysis Of August Wilson s Fence 1146 Words   |  5 PagesThe play â€Å"Fence† by August Wilson’s has a connection with real world fence. â€Å"The yard is a small dirt yard, partially fenced, except for the last scene, with a wooden sawhorse, a pile of lumber, and other fence-building equipment set off to the side. The Opposite is a tree from which hangs a ball made of rags. A baseball bat leans against the tree. Two oil drums serve as garbage receptacles and sit near th e house at right to complete the setting† (Wilson 2). He mentions that the fence has three partsRead MoreAnalysis Of August Wilson s Fences 970 Words   |  4 Pagescreating barriers around ourselves and the people we love, it will keep us safe and together. August Wilson is an African-American playwright from Pittsburg, Pennsylvania who was raised with his five brothers and sisters by his mother who worked hard to support them after his father, a white man left them. His mother found another man who also helped her raise them. In this time, it was very hard for African-Americans because it was the time when White Americans and African Americans where segregated

Exposing Humanitys Darkest Sin Jewish Genocide Essay

Since the Holocaust, a theory has emerged for the real reason Jews were forced into concentration camps. Controversy surrounds this theory, between those who claim Jews were being exterminated inside concentration camps and those who disagree, claiming that this event never occurred in the camps. Holocaust deniers have gathered to discuss the theory whether the Nazis indeed committed mass murder inside these infamous structures. To this day, skeptics are unclear whether these camps were built for extermination and doubt whether this historical event ever occurred. Even though some so-called experts argue that concentration camps like Auschwitz existed, but they were not used for killing Jews, they are incorrect because there is evidence in†¦show more content†¦In addition, each extermination camp contained crematoriums, where thousands of â€Å"naked corpses would be dragged across the floor to the ovens† (Muller 14). Another similarity found in the structures, are th e crematoriums containing ovens with a depression â€Å"roughly 20 to 25 centimeters deep and 1 metre wide† heading straight to the ovens (Muller 14). Based on the measurements found in the structure, the corpses would have been easily transported from the chambers into crematorium ovens. Evidence hints that the Nazis were not concerned with their expenses because they created similar structures throughout Poland. The surviving structure in Auschwitz is evidence that the Nazis did in fact create gas chambers to vanish all Jews. Not only are these skeptical scholars incorrect for claiming that concentration camps were not used for killing Jews, but they are also unaware that the Nazis tried to demolish all evidence of concentration camps. Scholars and politicians gathered in Iran to discuss, that the Nazis few surviving structures were merely prisons and did not contain any form of gas chambers (Fathi). However, in Tim Cole’s article, â€Å"Crematoria, Barracks, Gateway,† he gathers evidence from survivors who witnessed SS guards demolish all traces of concentration camps. During the end of the

Public Enemy At Madison Square Garden free essay sample

The show included rappers Naughty by Nature, Queen Latifah, Public Enemy, Ghetto Boys, Tribe Called Quest, Kid -N- Play, Tim Dog, Heavy D, and DJ Jazzy Jeff and the Fresh Prince (but they did not show up because the Prince was sick). In my opinion the two groups with the largest crowds of fans were Naughty by Nature and Public Enemy. Naughty by Nature were second on stage. They sang a couple of their best songs like Opp, Naughty by Nature, 123, and a lot of other favorites. They had some guests such as Biz Markie, Heavy D and the Boyz, and Tim Dog. Black Sheep also appeared on stage ( and who should come out with them but Cypress Hill, of course). Public Enemy came out last singing Shut em Down. They had a red and blue police light going around the stadium. Flavor Flav came out on stage with his two daughters and son. We will write a custom essay sample on Public Enemy At Madison Square Garden or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He told the audience how he wanted his children to grow up, that he wants them to say no to drugs and all that. He was also happy that there was not a single fight during the concert, because a week prior there had been an all-star basketball game where five kids died (as a result of a rush of fans trying to get in). The mayor had said that if there was another incident like that, there was not going to be another black concert in the City of New York. So everybody at the Public Enemy concert behaved themselves. n

Why Is the Marijuana Illegal an Example by

Why Is the Marijuana Illegal? Introduction Need essay sample on "Why Is the Marijuana Illegal?" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Marijuana is the name given in the United States to the drug produced from the hemp plant Cannabis sativa. The use of cannabis derivatives under such names as hashish, charas, bhang, and ganja is widespread throughout the world. The most active ingredient of the plant derivative is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The flowering parts of the plant contain the greatest amounts of THC (Goode, Pp. 567-575). These are usually dried and smoked, but they may be made into a drink somewhat like tea or blended into various cooking recipes. Discussion Effects of Marijuana Many perceptual and emotional effects follow marijuana smoking. Sensory experience may become more intense; smells are richer, textures feel more sensuous, objects are seen as more beautiful, sounds are more brilliant, and ideas flow more freely, although they may be disjointed. The person may experience an emotional high in which he or she feels joyful, tranquil, and happy. The effects of marijuana, however, are like those of other drugs; they very much depend on the person and the setting. Taken in a pleasant, relaxed social situation, marijuana can be quite unpleasant (Earleywine, pp. 123-156). Also, people who are naturally paranoid, suspicious, or aggressive may become more so under the influence of marijuana; the calm, better-adjusted users are more apt to experience a euphoric high. Undergraduates Frequently Tell EssayLab specialists: I'm not in the mood to write my paper. Because I want to spend time with my friends Essaylab.Com Can Provide You With The Winning Academic Essay Essay Writing Services Best Website To Buy College Papers Can You Write My Paper Buy An Essay For College Moreover, most people use marijuana for the altered states it produces. These states are a little easier to control than those produced by other hallucinogenic drugs, unless the dosage is very high. At low to moderate dosages, hallucinations are not present. Instead, the person typically reports of calmness, increased sensory awareness, changes in space and time, and increased appetite, often with a craving for sweets. At higher dosages, the person may experience thought disturbances, rapid emotional changes, a loss of attention, and a sense of panic. Marijuana has been one of the most researched drugs in the history of pharmacology, and there is still considerable disagreement about its short-term and long-term effects (Belenko, pp. 34-67). It was made an illicit drug in the United States, and many states have established harsh penalties for those convicted of possession of even small amounts. Conclusion In the recent years, there has been a move toward decriminalization of marijuana. Although this policy would not legalize the drug, it would establish more appropriate punishments, for example, fines instead of imprisonment for possession of small amounts for personal use. The growing consensus of research on marijuana would suggest that it is not a safe drug. Indeed, it is doubtful whether any drug taken frequently by choice is advisable. Many researchers have concluded that smoking marijuana is no more dangerous, and perhaps even less so, than smoking cigarettes or using alcohol. Reference: Belenko, S. R. (2001). Drugs and Drug Policy in America: A Documentary History. Greenwood Press. Westport, CT. Pp. 34-67. Goode, E. (2000). Marijuana. Atherton. Chicago. Pp. 567-575. Earleywine, M. (2002). Understanding Marijuana: A New Look at the Scientific Evidence. Oxford University Press. New York. Pp. 123-156. Why is the marijuana illegal an Example by Why is the marijuana illegal? I. Introduction: Marijuana is considered is illegal because it has more negative effects if abused by users. Marijuana both the dried leaves and flowering tops of the female hemp plant. Resin in the leaves and flowering tops contains tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC, a chemical that produces an intoxicating effect when the resin is smoked, sniffed, or eaten. The resin is weaker than hashish (pure hem resin). This paper intends to explain why marijuana is illegal. Need essay sample on "Why is the marijuana illegal?" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed II. Discussion Marijuana has been used for thousands of years, both as a medicine and for its intoxicating effects. In the form of tablets, marijuana is frequently to relieve the nausea and vomiting that often accompany chemotherapy. Its nonmedical use, however, is illegal in the United States and most other countries. The penalties for possessing or using marijuana are, in many states, as severe as those imposed for the possession or use of much more potent drugs. Many argue that marijuana is no more harmful than cigarettes and liquor and should be legalized. Most marijuana used in the United States is smoked either as cigarettes or in pipes. Its effects vary with its strength, and to a great extent with the state of mind of the user. Typically, a sense of well-being is experienced. In large quantities, marijuana is considered to be a hallucinogena drug that produces hallucinations. University Students Frequently Tell EssayLab writers: I'm don't want to write my paper. Because I want to spend time with my friends Buy Essay Papers And Live Free From Troubles Although marijuana does not produce a physical dependence in the user, there is evidence that it can produce a psychological dependence. Research indicates that marijuana has serious effects on the body. It can impair memory, speech, and learning. It exposes the lungs to high levels of tar and to over 150 other chemicals. Many of these can irritate the lining of the lungs, causing inflammation and bronchitis in some cases. Marijuana decreases the production of male and female sex hormones and may cause infertility in some individuals. Pregnant women would refrain from smoking marijuana since it can cross the placenta and affect fetus. III. Conclusion Some authorities believe that the heavy use of marijuana may harm the bodys immune system by impairing the development of monocytes, cells that stimulate antibody production and kill foreign cells. Although no direct cause-and-effect link between the use of marijuana and narcotics has been found, a person who consistently uses marijuana may be likely to abuse other, stronger drugs. The use of marijuana can be dangerous to a person taking part in any activity in which quick reflexes and clear thinking are necessary. Reference: Marijuana. Drug Awareness. Bock, Alan W. (2000). Waiting to Inhale: The Politics of Medical Marijuana. Seven Locks. Santa Ana, CA. Earleywine, Mitch. (2002). Understanding Marijuana: A New Look at the Scientific Evidence. Oxford University Press. New York. Parker, Jim. Marijuana: Health Effects.

Sexual images in Christina Rossettis Goblin Market Essay Example

Sexual images in Christina Rossettis Goblin Market Paper In reading Christina Rossettis Goblin Market, I was first impressed by the colourful imagery and exciting events that take place in Rossettis fantastic and mysterious creation. The adventures of Lizzie and Laura, and Lizzies ultimate act of heroism at saving her sister from becoming another victim of evil goblin men, was fun to skim through quickly and enjoy on a surface level. But when I read the poem again, I noticed some serious sexual undertones throughout the piece. The goblin men and what they represented, their dealings with the sisters, and the sacrifices their victims must ake all carry very sexual meanings and messages. In fact, I think many of the images in Goblin Market could be construed, in todays world, as a form of pornography. Ill go through various elements of the poem and explain how the representation of men the bonds of women can be interpreted as pornographic. Christina Rossetti invented the characters of the goblin men in order to explore many of the issues associated with feminism and gender roles in society. The goblin men directly represent what men want from women. Men want sexual innocence from women, the typical male fantasy of the willing virgin is laid out quite clearly. We will write a custom essay sample on Sexual images in Christina Rossettis Goblin Market specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sexual images in Christina Rossettis Goblin Market specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sexual images in Christina Rossettis Goblin Market specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In contemporary society men gawk over young looking pop icons such as Brittany Spears, and pornographic movies reenact school detention scenarios with women dressed as schoolgirls offering themselves to guidance counselors. The same is true in Goblin Market the men only want virginal young women, and once the fantasy has been lived out for them, they have no more use for the poor female victim, and throw her away. Laura no longer hears the cries of the goblins therefore she is no longer worthy of mens attention. Consequently after premarital loss of virginity, women, like Laura in the oem, feels stripped of her dignity and self-worth, and can no longer go on living the same way again. Other examples of Rossettis portrayal of the goblin men as sexual predators abound throughout the poem. One had a cats face/One whisked a tail/One tramped at a rats pace/One crawled like a snail. Such variety in describing each goblin seems to assert that such devious sexual predators can come in all shapes and sizes, and can easily fool their unsuspecting victims. Rossetti does the same late in the poem when describing the goblins courting of Lizzie: Snail-paced and in a hurry/Parrot-voiced and whistler This demonstrates that sexual predators can use many different methods in seducing a victim. The goblin men also seem to possess biblical qualities as well. Such as when Eve tempts Adam in the Garden of Eden, so do the goblin men try to tempt the virgin maidens with their own forbidden fruit. The men first seem perfectly nice and genuine, but when they are rebuffed they become violent and angry. This too can be said for many sexual predators. The rape scene with Lizzie later in the poem could be looked upon in a contemporary light as the violent outbursts of a scorned man bent on wicked and ainful revenge. Whether Rossetti intentionally depicted the goblin men as such chilling and horrible sexual predators is uncertain. However, it is clear that in Goblin Market, they are most definitely the villains. When the goblin men deal with the sisters, there are some very sexual ideas demonstrated. The objects of desire in the poem, the fruits, are described in an overtly sexual manner, by both the goblin men, and later the sisters themselves. Strong sexual suggestions are used in describing Lauras indulgence in the fruit, in her first encounter with the goblin men. Such sentences as She sucked and sucked and sucked the more. And, She sucked until her lips were sore. Of course like I have mentioned previously, the goblin men have use only for virgins and as part of the same stanza as the fruit sucking, They flung the emptied rinds away. The throwing away of the female victim is also tied into the fruit as the rinds describe the women who have lost their virginity. The fruit is described to be fresh and beautiful and unpecked the women are tempted with the fruit that is supposed to be a joy to eat. It sounds tempting and once had, Laura ants more, she searches for it but is non-existent to the goblins. It sounds much like the age-old story of young men coaxing women into sleeping with them with promises of being around the next day. Laura describes the fruit to her sister, What peaches with a velvet nap. Pellucid grapes without one seed. Which as I would decipher would refer to sex that is not in the intention of procreation. Although the poem has not been given a solid place or time, the activities of the sisters strike me as rural and pre-industrial which might refer to a time when in many cultures sex was strictly an activity to procreate. Like men offer love and passion, the goblin men offer incredible fruit the price however is virginity and the result is being unwanted. As shown in the poem, first by Jeanie and then by Laura, consequences of dealing with the goblin men are very grave, and also bear some very sexual connotations. Jeanie encountered the goblin men and then ached for them until her death. I believe Jeanies death to not be the important part of her story, although it may represent misogynistic genocide, as premarital sex can lead to death in some cultures. What I do believe to be mportant is Jeanies aging and her gravesite. Jeanie was described to have dwindled and grew gray. She became old and unwanted after a single act with the goblins. Age is definitely an important issue to discuss in the realm of women and therefore is mentioned in womens literature. Age used to be of importance for child bearing endurance, today it signifies beauty and the media attacks the self esteem of every women the minute she looks a day over sixteen, refer to any Calvin Klein advertisement. Even more interestingly there is a reference to Jeanies fertility, While to this day no grass will row, where she lies now. It is not hard to understand where this reference is coming from as much of the reason men demanded to marry virgins was to carry a blood line and a women who is not a virgin before marriage would be considered infertile or ruined. The goblins traded fruit for virginity, today virginity is sold as an idea in primetime television, movies, pornography and white wedding dresses. Sexual references come to a peak near the end of the poem during Lauras redemption. It has been read as a lesbian love scene, and acts as the pivotal point of Laura regaining her virginity. They way this part of the poem is written makes it the most erotic but this was where I had to stop and back track rereading very carefully. I reassured myself that these two characters Laura and Lizzie were in fact sisters. They had the sister bond, the female bond, which is reinforced at the very end, and now the bond of lovers. I think Rossetti ignored the incestual side of this love making and used it purely to empower women and display the strengthening of the female bond as well as the absence of men. The three bonds between women are now displayed sisters, friends nd lovers however I cannot ignore the crossover of the sister and lover bond as Rossetti surely must have considered this new addition, the topic of incest. Is the incestual relationship an awakening for both of the women, a chance to experiment and exercise sexual explorations in a harmless way before moving on to marry and have children? It may be just a metaphor that the bond between women is so strong as we read that Lizzie helps Laura regain her virginity. I cant help but see that this eroticism is also representing a male fantasy. Two sisters in the act of lovemaking can very well be read s pornographic if not taboo. Hue Hefner is dating twins, and many movies particularly those that have themes of sex refer to such scenarios. Christina Rossettis Goblin Market a childrens poem, tells a tale of exploration, loss of innocence and redemption through the story of goblin men who sell forbidden fruit. The imagery of the goblin men and their fruit has many sexual and biblical undertones. The story raises issues of the premarital loss of virginity, bonds between women including lesbian relationships and sexual exploration under the thumb f societys view of womens sexuality. The goblin men represent what men want, they offer forbidden fruit which is sweet yet devastating and the price is virginity. The consequence of encountering the goblin men is the loss of control and becoming unwanted. The story touches on many taboos, clearly portraying what men want and what bonds should exist between women. The eroticism of the poem produces images that can be construed as pornographic yet I will concluded that these images are issues that exist even today in our society between men and women, and relationships.

101 Argument Peer Review Professor Ramos Blog

101 Argument Peer Review Elevator Pitch Elevator Pitch Imagine you have one minute to present yourself and your ideas to someone who can implement your solution or make a change. What would you say in that one minute elevator ride to convince this person that your ideas are worthy of attention. You have ten floors to make a compelling case. Take a few minutes to figure out how to make your proposal professional, succinct, and interesting. Then, write it down. Today we will be peer reviewing the Solution Argument essay. Introductions Writing Effective Introductions Introductions are very important. The link above has some great examples and explanations for writing introductions. Much like an elevator pitch, an introduction has to make a good impression, grab your reader’s interest, and make them want to keep reading. Take the elevator pitch you just wrote and figure out how to work it into your introduction. The elevator pitch can work as the intro, or add to your intro, to make a case for reading the rest of the essay. Revise Using the Templates Starting on page 139, go through the questions looking at your own essay. Peer Editing Check their citations. Do they look correct? Are they missing any citations? Peer edit the same way you revise your own work.  Pay attention to global issues first. Don’t worry about grammar or sentence structure yet. Focus on improving and clarifying the ideas. Be specific in identifying problems or opportunities.  Explain what the problem you see if. Avoid vague language like â€Å"awkward.† Explain what it is that is awkward and give suggestions for how to improve. Offer suggestions for improvement.  If they are not mentioning a major counterargument, suggest it for them to address. If a point is unclear, explain how they can clarify it. Praise what is genuinely good in the paper.  No false praise. If you like a particular point or passage, let them know. Use proofreading symbols, if you know them. Otherwise, mark up the paper directly so that they will have a reference from which to revise their work. Keep comments tactful.  Treat other’s work as you would like to have your efforts treated. Stay on topic and don’t be mean or harsh, that is not productive. Class Review In groups of 4, come up with a list of the most helpful lessons, classes, readings, etc. from the course and why. Make a list of four or five and explain why. We will share these. 10 minutes to come up with the list.

101 Argument Peer Review Professor Ramos Blog

101 Argument Peer Review Elevator Pitch Elevator Pitch Imagine you have one minute to present yourself and your ideas to someone who can implement your solution or make a change. What would you say in that one minute elevator ride to convince this person that your ideas are worthy of attention. You have ten floors to make a compelling case. Take a few minutes to figure out how to make your proposal professional, succinct, and interesting. Then, write it down. Today we will be peer reviewing the Solution Argument essay. Introductions Writing Effective Introductions Introductions are very important. The link above has some great examples and explanations for writing introductions. Much like an elevator pitch, an introduction has to make a good impression, grab your reader’s interest, and make them want to keep reading. Take the elevator pitch you just wrote and figure out how to work it into your introduction. The elevator pitch can work as the intro, or add to your intro, to make a case for reading the rest of the essay. Revise Using the Templates Starting on page 139, go through the questions looking at your own essay. Peer Editing Check their citations. Do they look correct? Are they missing any citations? Peer edit the same way you revise your own work.  Pay attention to global issues first. Don’t worry about grammar or sentence structure yet. Focus on improving and clarifying the ideas. Be specific in identifying problems or opportunities.  Explain what the problem you see if. Avoid vague language like â€Å"awkward.† Explain what it is that is awkward and give suggestions for how to improve. Offer suggestions for improvement.  If they are not mentioning a major counterargument, suggest it for them to address. If a point is unclear, explain how they can clarify it. Praise what is genuinely good in the paper.  No false praise. If you like a particular point or passage, let them know. Use proofreading symbols, if you know them. Otherwise, mark up the paper directly so that they will have a reference from which to revise their work. Keep comments tactful.  Treat other’s work as you would like to have your efforts treated. Stay on topic and don’t be mean or harsh, that is not productive. Class Review In groups of 4, come up with a list of the most helpful lessons, classes, readings, etc. from the course and why. Make a list of four or five and explain why. We will share these. 10 minutes to come up with the list.

Research, design and write a journalistic piece Essay

Research, design and write a journalistic piece - Essay Example Anorexia is serious and the accusation is even more so. This makes an objective review of the facts for determination of innocence or guilt an important responsibility. The fashion industry and media shape societal perceptions of beauty, further functioning to influence self-image. Fashion models are invariably thin and, from the purely medical point of view, unhealthily so. Yet, rather than draw attention to this fact, the media acclaims the beauty of these models and upholds them as the ultimate personification of the ideal. The consequences, as Tierney (2001) explains is that the more impressionable of the young girls and women unquestioningly accept the unrealistic images of beauty propagated by the media as the absolute criteria of beauty and try to attain the ideal. The media has equated beauty with thinness and society has unquestionably accepted the correlation between the two. Given the considerable emphasis which society, which almost every single individual within, places on beauty, it is hardly surprising the countless women are striving towards the attainment of that ideal. The problem with doing so, as Thompson (1990) points out is that the ideal, as propagated by the media and the fashion industry, is twenty percent below the weight which science has defined as the healthy minimum.

The symbolic meaning of tattoos and society today Essay

The symbolic meaning of tattoos and society today - Essay Example Originating perhaps as significant identification or ranking systems and evolving through time to take on a variety of meanings and approaches, today’s artistic approach to the tattoo can be as obscure and complex as some of the designs are themselves or as simple as a drunken night on the town coupled with a sudden impulse and an unscrupulous artist. However, only the latter of these two options is typically acknowledged in modern society’s perspective of the art. Samuel M. Steward (1990) indicates there are a variety of reasons why people may choose to get a tattoo including decoration, narcissism, exhibitionism, possession, sadomasochism, rivalry, sexuality and fetishism among a multitude of other possible motivations. Despite any cultural pressures, there remain a variety of reasons why individuals may continue to choose not to be tattooed. These reasons can be based upon physical attributes, such as a general distaste for the practice or more serious health concerns or simply a realization of the eventual breakdown of skin tissue that will render the tattoo-less recognizable in later years. Many people dislike the concept of permanence associated with the tattoo. They fear they may grow tired of the image they chose as young people and justify their abstinence upon this concept alone. A more immediate physical concern is the sensation of â€Å"hundreds of thousands of prices over a period of minutes† (Steward, 1990) and the pain of such an experience.

Why being on time is important Essay Example for Free

Why being on time is important Essay Being on time is one of the most basic, yet most important things about what we do, as Marines, and Military Policemen. Most Marines understand this concept and are able to comply willfully and promptly due to the extent they have been taught regarding the importance of being on time and the punishment that can follow a more than tardy arrival. Tardiness in the workplace is a correctable issue and majority of the time is nothing more than a seldom occurrence. Some particular occasions however, become more than just the scarce problem that it should be. When this becomes less than an uncommon problem, people begin to take notice. The most important part of any occupation is reliability. People need to be able to view you as more than a mediocre character that stumbles to work subsequently behind every other co-worker. they need to see you as a person that they can entrust their life to, whether that situation arises or not. They need to regard you as a trustworthy, well put together person; a well put together Marine. The Marines is not a place for play. It is not. It is a place for america’s men and women alike to join together and construct an unstoppable effort for the good of this country and a harsh unforgiving authority for our enemies. When a Marine looks in the mirror, that is exactly what they should gaze upon; A Marine. Arriving late, last minute, or unprepared are not attributes that compose a Marine. Being early, well prepared, and enthusiastic to initiate the day are qualities a Marine should have. Not having these aspects can account for many consequences, and whom is ultimately accountable for ones own behavior? It’s not your command who tells you that you are at fault, it’s you. All Marines being on time, as opposed to a belated appearance, is great for unit moral as well. it helps the unit work together due to the fact that everyone feels like they are putting forth an equal, and combined effort towards their common objective. A unit with 1 or more Marines battling an issue with tardiness is likely to have a lessened performance when being  exposed to that Marine, or Marines. The concept will spread; if that marine can be late every day, so can I. This type of ideology can take a drastic toll on the total effectiveness of the unit and cannot be tolerated. The productivity of any given unit with problem Marines, can and will immensely decrease causing Marines and co-workers alike, to be less encouraged to do their job to the best of their abilities. And instead, master the art of just getting by. This is why remaining on schedule is one of the most important parts of your daily routine. And if you are reading this and feel like everything written here doesn’t really apply to you, then I suppose you dont have much to worry about.

CuH-mediated Hydroamination of Styrene

CuH-mediated Hydroamination of Styrene Abstract: A detailed computational exploration of mechanistic intricacies of the copper(I) hydride (CuH)-catalysed hydroamination of styrene with a prototype hydoxylamine ester by a recently reported (dppbz)CuH catalyst (dppbz ≠¡ {P^P} ≠¡ 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene) is presented. A variety of plausible mechanistic avenues have been pursued by means of a sophisticated computational methodology, from which a general understanding of the factors controlling hydroamination catalysis emerged. The catalytically competent {P^P}CuI hydride, which is predominantly present as its dimer, involves in irreversible hydrocupration proceeding with complete 2,1 regioselectivity to form a secondary {P^P}CuI benzyl intermediate. Its interception with benzylamine ester produces the branched tertiary amine product and {P^P}CuI benzoate upon intramolecular SN2 disruption of the amine electrophiles N-O linkage to precede highly rapid, strongly exergonic C-N bond-forming reductive eliminati on. The {P^P}CuI benzoate corresponds to the catalyst resting state and its conversion back into the {P^P}CuI hydride upon transmetalation with a hydrosilane is turnover limiting. The effect of electronic perturbations at the amine electrophile upon the reaction rate for productive hydroamination catalysis and also non-productive reduction of the hydroxylamine ester has been gauged, which unveiled a more fundamental insight into catalytic structure-performance relationships. Introduction The catalytic hydroamination (HA) reaction, the direct addition of an N-H bond across an unsaturated carbon-carbon linkage, offers facile access to an industrially relevant organonitrogen commodity and fine chemicals in a green, waste-free and highly atom-efficient manner.[1] By focusing on late d-block metal catalysis, several distinct mechanistic pathways have been revealed over the years for the hydroamination of alkenes, including the following principal processes: 1) N-H bond activation with subsequent alkene insertion into the metal-NR2 linkage,[2] nucleophilic attack of an amine at a metal-bound alkene,[3] nucleophilic attack of a metal amido species at an activated alkene[4] and amine coordination to be followed by proton transfer onto an activated alkene.[5] Despite the significant progress achieved over the past years the utilisation of these methodologies is still limited by a number of drawbacks.[1] The development of a general approach for regio- and enantioselective hyd roamination of a broad range of alkene substrate classes, in particular, remains an important challenge in the context of intermolecular HA. Recently, the groups of Miura[6] and Buchwald[7a] reported independently a mechanistically distinct approach for styrene HA that involves copper(I) hydride (CuH) as the catalyst together with amine electrophiles and a hydrosilane hydride source to furnish amines in excellent yields and enantio-/regioselectivities under mild conditions.[8] Miura and co-workers disclosed that styrenes react with benzylamine ester reagents in THF at room temperature to afford exclusively branched benzylic tertiary amines in the presence of a (dppbz)CuH catalyst (dppbz ≠¡ {P^P} ≠¡ 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene) and a hydrosilane hydride source (Scheme 1).[6] Treatment of the Cu(OAc)2/dppbz starting material with Li(OtBu) and a reducing agent likely gives rise to {P^P}Cu(OtBu) 2, which becomes converted into the catalytically competent {P^P}CuI hydride 3 through transmetalation with silane. According to plausible mechanistic pathways outlined in Scheme 2 styrene insertion into the Cu-H linkage at 3 leads to {P^P}CuI alkyl 4 that couples with the benzylamine ester electrophile thereafter to generate amine product P and {P^P}CuI benzoate 6. Various mechanistic pathways can be envisaged for this transformation,[9] but its precise details remain largely elusive thus far. Transmetalation of 6 with hydrosilane regenerates the catalytically competent {P^P}CuI hydride for another catalyst turnover. The performance of HA catalysis via the productive cycle can be compromised by the well known aptitude of the {P^P}CuI hydride to reduce the amine electrophile. This may proceed through various pathways to involve formation of either N-H (one plausible path via a {P^P}CuIII benzoate amido hydride intermediate 7 is exemplified in Scheme 2) or O-H bonds to afford {P^P}CuI benzoate 6 by consumption of a molar equivalent of the amine electrophile. Precise knowledge of both the operative mechanism and of catalytic structure-performance relationships are indispensable for the rational design of improved HA catalysts. In light of the fact that precise details of mechanistic intricacies of CuH-mediated vinylarene HA remain largely elusive thus far,[10] a sophisticated computational protocol has been employed as an established and predictive means to study reaction mechanisms and to guide rational catalyst design. The present study scrutinises rival mechanistic pathways for HA of styrene (1a ≠¡ S) with O-benzoyl-N,N-dimethyl-hydroxylamine (1b ≠¡ A) by a catalytically competent dppbz-ligated CuI hydride complex in the presence of prototype trimethylsilane (1c ≠¡ H) as hydride source. No structural simplification (other than replacing O-benzoyl-N,N-diethyl-hydroxylamine and HSiPh3 used in experiment by 1b and 1c, respectively, solely for the purpose of computational efficiency) of any kind has been imposed for any of t he key species involved. The computational methodology employed (highly accurate DLPNO-CCSD(T) in conjunction with basis sets of def2-TZVP quality and a sound treatment of bulk solvent effects) simulated authentic reaction conditions adequately and mechanistic analysis is based on Gibbs free-energy profiles. This computational protocol can confidently be expected to reliably map the energy landscape and this has allowed mechanistic conclusions with substantial predictive value to be drawn. As detailed herein, our comprehensive mechanistic examination provides support that effective HA catalysis involves irreversible hydrocupration with strict 2,1 regioselectivity to be followed by generation of the branched tertiary amine product by interception of the thus formed secondary {P^P}CuI benzyl nucleophile with amine electrophile. The prevailing pathway sees the first intramolecular SN2 displacement of the benzoate leaving group and is followed by highly facile and strongly exergonic C-N bond-generating reductive elimination from a highly reactive, intervening {P^P}CuIII species. It leads to amine product and {P^P}CuI benzoate, the latter of which corresponds to the catalyst resting state. Its conversion back into the catalytically competent {P^P}CuI hydride is turnover limiting. Results and Discussion The aim of the present study is twofold. A first part scrutinises thoroughly all the relevant elementary steps of Scheme 2, with special attention devoted to the several mechanistic avenues that can be invoked regarding the interaction of {P^P}CuI alkyl nucleophile with the amine electrophile and also the productivity-limiting reduction of the amine transfer agent. A second part explores the effect of electronic perturbations at the amine electrophile upon catalyst performance. {P^P}CuH-mediated HA of styrene with amine electrophile 1b Catalyst initiation Effective HA catalysis entails the initial conversion of {P^P}Cu(OtBu) 2 into the catalytically competent {P^P}CuI hydride compound. The ability of hydrosilane 1c (≠¡ H) to affect transmetalation at 2, although being rather unlikely turnover limiting, will influence the performance of HA catalysis, since it determines the amount of catalytically competent {P^P}CuI hydride species available for catalyst turnover. Hydroxylamine ester 1b (displaying a slight preference for à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ «1-N over à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ «1-O donor ligation) and THF (T) show a comparable aptitude to bind at copper in 2. However, the entropic costs linked with reactant association place the respective adducts 2†¢A, 2†¢T higher in free energy relative to the separated fragments. This gap widens regularly for ever weaker donor molecules as clearly seen in Figure 1 for silane (2†¢H) adducted species. Furthermore, 2 exhibits no propensity toward dimer formation, as all the efforts to localise a dimeric species failed. After the initial facile, but uphill association of trimethylsilane 1c at 2, transmetalation evolves through a metathesis-type transition-state (TS) structure (see Figure S1 in the Supporting Information), which decays thereafter into the {P^P}CuI hydride complex 3 through facile liberation of Me3SiOtBu. Figure 2 reveals an affordable kinetic barrier (à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾G†¡ = 22.4 kcal mol-1 relative to {2 + 1c}) for conversion of 2 into the catalytically competent complex 3, which is driven by a thermodynamic force of substantial amount. {P^P}CuI hydride compound Reactant (styrene S, hydroxylamine ester A, hydrosilane H), amine product (P) and THF (T) solvent molecules can associate in various ways at copper in the catalytically competent hydride compound (see Figure S2 in the Supporting Information) to give rise to a multitude of adducted species, all of which are expected to participate in mobile association/dissociation equilibria.[11] Similar to what is found for 2, the copper centre can accommodate only a single molecule;[13] its moderate binding enthalpy, however, cannot compensate for the associated entropic costs, thereby rending the various adducted species to be higher in free energy than the respective separated fragments. Amines (A, P) and styrene (benefitting from coppers ability for backbonding) are found to associate preferably and hence 3†¢A, 3†¢S display an energy gap (relative to separated fragments) that is somewhat smaller than for 3†¢T and 3†¢H (Figure 3). On the other hand, 3 exhibits a pronounced pro pensity towards dimer formation with 3dim is favoured by 7.5 kcal mol-1 relative to 3 (Figure 3). Hence, the catalytically competent {P^P}CuI hydride is predominantly present as dimer 3dim with relevant adducts 3†¢S (productive cycle, Scheme 2) and 3†¢A (non-productive cycle, Scheme 2) are well separated and higher in free energy by more than 12 kcal mol-1 (Figure 3). Styrene insertion into the Cu-H linkage Following the plausible catalytic scenario in Scheme 2, the productive cycle entails the first generation of {P^P}CuI alkyl 4. Alternative regioisomeric pathways for migratory C=C bond insertion into the Cu-H à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ³-bond commencing from 3†¢S have been examined. The possible participation of another reactant, amine product or solvent molecule has been probed explicitly, but neither encounter, product or TS structures featuring a stable coordination of a spectator molecule could be located.[13] Common to both pathways for 1,2 and 2,1 insertion is the evolution of C-H bond formation through a four-centre planar TS structure describing metal-mediated migratory insertion of the styrene C=C linkage into the polar Cu-H bond, which occurs at distances of 1.57-1.65 Ã… (see Figure S3 in the Supporting Information) for the emerging C-H bond. Following the reaction path further, TS structures decay into primary {P^P}CuI alkyl 4b (1,2 insertion) and secondary {P^P}CuI benzyl 4a (2,1 insertion), respectively. Effective delocalisation of electron density is known to markedly influence the stability of the polarised TS structure describing the interaction of an electron-rich Cu-H à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ³-bond with the styrene C=C linkage and also of 4, such that the regioselectivity of the hydrocupration is largely dictated on electronic grounds.[14] The  °-electron-withdrawing arene functionality at the styrene carbon directly adjacent to the copper centre effects an effective depletion of electron density from the nonsubstituted olefinic CH2 centre in the TS structure and also assist through hyperconjugative interaction with the stability of 4a. Hence it electronically stabilises both the TS structure for 2,1 insertion and 4a when compared to the species involved in 1,2 insertion that are devoid of such an opportunity. The located TS and product species (see Figure S3 in the Supporting Information) give no indication that the electronic predisposition towards 2,1 insertion is likely to be reversed due to favourable {P^P}Cu-arene interactions along the 1,2 pathway. Thus, 2,1 insertion is expected to prevail energetically on both kinetic and thermodynamic grounds. Indeed, Figure 4 reveals that migratory olefin insertion proceeds with complete 2,1 regioselectivity to afford secondary {P^P}CuI benzyl 4a by overcoming a barrier of 21.6 kcal mol-1 (à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾G relative to 3dim), whereas the 1,2 pathway remains inaccessible due to higher kinetic demands (à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾G†¡ = 4.1 kcal mol-1) and is also disfavoured thermodynamically (à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾G = 4.4 kcal mol-1). It characterises hydrocupration via the energetically prevalent 2,1 pathway to be kinetically viable and irreversible.[15] Amine product generation upon interception of 4 by amine electrophile The interception of {P^P}CuI alkyl 4 with amine electrophile 1b gives rise to the generation of amine product P and releases {P^P}CuI benzoate 6 (Scheme 2). Various mechanistic scenarios are conceivable for this transformation,[9] but, unfortunately, virtually no precise details of the operative mechanism are available.[10] This section intends to fill this gap by thoroughly examining several rival pathways. It includes the cleavage of the hydroxylamine ester N-O linkage via: 1) SN2 displacement of the benzoate leaving group; 2) intramolecular SN2 displacement; and 3) oxidative addition across the N-O linkage. This affords transient {P^P}CuIII intermediate 5, from which P and 6 are likely formed upon C-N bond-forming reductive elimination. The generation of the branched tertiary amine product Pa in a single step through nucleophilic attack of the Cu-C linkage at the positive N(amine) centre with concomitant N-O bond cleavage has been probed as a further plausible mechanistic avenue ( dashed arrow in Scheme 2). Given that hydrocupration proceeds with strict 2,1 regioselectivity, the discussion will focus exclusively on pathways that commence from 4a. Notably, rival paths starting from 4b are found energetically non-competitive in every case studied. The full account of all the studied pathways can be found in the Supporting Information. We start with examining N-O bond cleavage of 1b by nucleophilic {P^P}CuI benzyl 4a. Figure 5 collates the free-energy profile of the most accessible pathway for the various mechanistic scenarios examined, whilst structural aspects of key species involved can be found in Figures S4-S9 (see the Supporting Information). The electrophile 1b binds preferably via its N donor centre (à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ «1-N) at copper to furnish adducts with the unbound carboxylate oxygen pointing either towards (4a1†¢A) or away (4a2†¢A) from the metal, both of which are higher in free energy than the separated fragments. The located TS[4a2†¢A5a] structure describes N-O bond cleavage that is reminiscent of a SN2 displacement of the benzoate group, featuring distances of 1.72 and 2.02 Ã… for vanishing N-O and emerging Cu-N amido bonds (see Figure S5 in the Supporting Information). Progressing further along the reaction trajectory, the benzoate group binds eventually at copper to deliver transient { P^P}CuIII intermediate 5a. The intramolecular process version commencing from 4a1†¢A evolves through a five-centre TS[4a1†¢A-5a] that displays similar metrics regarding vanishing N-O and emerging Cu-N amido bonds, but crucially benefits from an already pre-established Cu-O(benzoate) contact (see Figure S7 in the Supporting Information). As it turns out, this contact likely renders 4a1†¢A→5a intramolecular SN2 displacement somewhat favourable kinetically over 4a2†¢A→5a with both pathways are indistinguishable on thermodynamic grounds. The TSOA[4a2†¢A-5a] shown in Figure 5 (see also Figure S9 in the Supporting Information) has been located as energetically prevalent three-centre TS structure describing oxidative addition across the N-O linkage that occurs at distances of 2.43 Ã… and 1.89/2.60 Ã… for vanishing N-O and newly built Cu-N(amido)/Cu-O bonds, respectively. The condensed free-energy profiles in Figure 5 reveal that for cleavage of the electrophiles N-O linkage by {P^P}CuI benzyl nucleophile the 4a1†¢A→5a intramolecular SN2 pathway (à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾G†¡ = 19.8 kcal mol-1 relative to {4a+1b}) prevails kinetically somewhat over 4a2†¢A→5a, with oxidative addition proceeding through TSOA[4a2†¢A-5a] (à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾G†¡ = 31.1 kcal mol-1 relative to {4a+1b}) is found substantially more demanding kinetically and hence not accessible. The fine energy balance between the alternative SN2-type pathways is likely be influenced by the diphosphine catalyst backbone. Figure 6 combines the dominant pathway for N-O bond cleavage at amine adduct 4a†¢A with C-N bond-generating reductive elimination at transient {P^P}CuIII 5a taking place thereafter. Given that benzyl and amido functionalities are already preferably arranged in 5a no major structural reorganisation is required prior to traversing TS[5a6†¢Pa], which occurs at a distance of 2.36 Ã… of the emerging C-N bond (see Figure S11 in the Supporting Information) and decays thereafter into the branched tertiary amine product that is initially bound to {P^P}CuI benzoate (6†¢Pa), but is readily released thereafter. The reductive elimination is found highly facile (à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾G†¡ = 5.2 kcal mol-1 relative to 5a) and driven by a remarkably strong thermodynamic force (Figure 6). Of the two consecutive steps converting {P^P}CuI benzyl 4a into amine product Pa and {P^P}CuI benzoate 6 through interception with electrophile 1b, the first intramolecular SN2 displacement of the ben zoate leaving group determines the overall kinetic demands (à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾G†¡ = 19.8 kcal mol-1 relative to {4a+1b}) with Pa and 6 are then generated from transient, highly reactive {P^P}CuIII intermediate 5 upon rapid and strongly downhill reductive elimination. Nucleophilic attack of the Cu-C linkage at the positive N centre of the amine electrophile with concomitant N-O cleavage, thereby affording 6a + Pa in a single step, describes an alternative mechanistic scenario. Despite all our efforts, a precise TS structure associated to this pathway could not be located, but examination by means of a state-of-the-art reaction-path-optimisation (chain-of-state; see the Computational Methodology) method provided a reasonably approximate TS structure. The multicentre TS[4a1†¢A-6†¢Pa] describes concerted N-O bond cleavage (2.30 Ã…) together with C-N (2.54 Ã…)/Cu-O(2.37 Ã…) bond formation, all occurring in the immediate vicinity of the copper centre (see Figure S12 in the Supporting Information). A substantial barrier of approximately 30.7 kcal mol-1 (à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾G†¡ relative to {4a+1b}) has to be overcome (Figure 7), which renders the concerted 4a1†¢A→6†¢Pa pathway non-accessible kinetically in the presence of the viable two-step conversion shown in Figure 6.[16] {P^P}CuI benzoate compound In light of the strong thermodynamic force associated with generating the C-N bond, the {P^P}CuI benzoate may become, among others, a candidate for the catalyst resting state. Hence, the aptitude of 6 to accommodate additional reactant, amine product and THF solvent molecules has been probed in order to clarify its precise identity. In accordance with findings for 2 and 3, a single molecule only can bind at copper at the expense of one of the two Cu-O(carboxylate) linkages, but adduct formation is disfavoured in terms of free energy. Hence the {P^P}CuI benzoate is predominantly present as non-adducted form 6 featuring a à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ «2-O ligated benzoate functionality (Figure 8). Regeneration of {P^P}CuI hydride from {P^P}CuI benzoate Transmetalation of 6 with trimethylsilane 1c regenerates the catalytically competent {P^P}CuI hydride 3 for another catalyst turnover, thereby closing the cycle for productive HA catalysis. Two scenarios have been analysed that are distinguished by which of the carboxylate oxygens at silane adducted 6†¢H participate in Si-O bond formation. The transfer of silyl onto the oxygen directly bound to Cu evolves through a four-centre metathesis-type TS[6†¢H-3†¢OS1] and leads eventually to 3 upon facile liberation of Me3SiOBz. On the other hand, a six-centre TS[6†¢H-3†¢OS2] is traversed along an alternative pathway representing silyl transfer onto the unbound carboxylate oxygen (Figure 9 and Figure S13 in the Supporting Information). The enhanced stability of six-centre TS[6†¢H-3†¢OS2] versus four-centre TS[6†¢H-3†¢OS1] discriminates among the two pathways, which are driven by a thermodynamic force (à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾G = 0.5 kcal mol-1 relative to {6 + 1c}) of identical magnitude. The assessed barrier of 26.2 kcal mol-1 (à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾G†¡ relative to {6 + 1c}) for the most accessible pathway characterises 6 + 1c→3 + Me3SiOBz as a kinetically demanding, but viable transformation that is slightly uphill thermodynamically (Figure 9). Reduction of the benzylamine ester by {P^P}CuI hydride The well known tendency of the catalytically competent {P^P}CuI hydride to reduce the amine electrophile under N-H bond formation, hence giving rise to {P^P}CuI benzoate, or alternatively via O-H bond formation to afford a {P^P}CuI amido can severely compromise the catalyst performance. To this end, several conceivable pathways (some of which are sketched in Scheme 2) have been studied. Whilst focusing on thermodynamic aspects amine reduction with N-H bond formation via 3 + 1b→6 + HNMe2 (à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾G = -71.9 kcal mol-1) appears to be strongly favoured over O-H bond generating 3 + 1b→{P^P}CuI(NMe2) + benzoic acid (à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾G = -51.3 kcal mol-1). The cleavage of the N-O linkage of 1b at amine adduct 3†¢A does preferably proceed through SN2 displacement of the benzoate leaving group with the intramolecular pathway proved to be somewhat favourable energetically (see Figure S14 in the Supporting Information), whilst oxidative addition of electrophile 1b across the N-O linkage is found substantially more demanding kinetically. All these aspects closely parallel the findings regarding the preferable avenue that leads to generate {P^P}CuIII 5a (see above). Likewise, N-H bond-forming reductive elimination at {P^P}CuIII amido hydride intermediate 7 is highly facile kinetically and strongly downhill as 5a→6a + Pa is. Unfortunately, all the efforts to localise the associated TS structure have not been successful, but the examination of the reaction path thoroughly by means of a chain-of-state method firmly indicates that reductive amine elimination at 7 has an only marginal barrier, if at all, to overcome, hence it proceeds almost instantaneously. Overall, a smooth, kinetically affordable pathway for undesired 3 + 1b→6 + HNMe2 conversion has been located that comprises a first intramolecular SN2 cleavage of the N-O bond (à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾G†¡ = 26.3 kcal mol-1 relative to 3dim, Figure 10), to be followed by highly rapid reductiv e amine elimination from an intervening and highly reactive {P^P}CuIII intermediate 7, thus reflecting the well-documented aptitude of 3 to engage in performance-limiting reduction of the electrophilic amination reagent.[6, 7] Further attempts devoted upon locating a proper TS structure for the concerted attack of the nucleophilic Cu-H linkage at the N centre of the amine electrophile to be accompanied with N-O bond disruption has not been successful. However, a reasonably approximate TS (see Figure S15 in the Supporting Information) is seen to be above TS[31†¢A-7] by another 19.8 kcal mol-1, such that the concerted pathway can confidently be discarded as energetically viable alternative to the operative two-step process. Proposed catalytic cycle The mechanistic picture based upon the above thoroughly conducted examination of relevant elementary steps is presented in Scheme 3. An energetically smooth and downhill sequence of steps transforms the starting material into the catalytically competent {P^P}CuI hydride 3, which is in a mobile equilibrium[11b] with its thermodynamically prevalent dimer 3dim. Migratory insertion of the styrene C=C linkage into the Cu-H bond is kinetically facile (à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾G†¡ = 21.6 kcal mol-1 relative to { ½3dim+1a}), thermodynamically downhill and proceeds with strict 2,1 regioselectivity. Hence irreversible hydrocupration is regioselectivity determining and occurs prior to the turnover-limiting step. The interception of the thus generated secondary {P^P}CuI benzyl 4a with amine electrophile 1b produces the branched tertiary (Markovnikov) amine product Pa and {P^P}CuI benzoate 6. This transformation favours a two-step process comprising the first intramolecular SN2 displacement of the b enzoate leaving group (à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾G†¡ = 19.8 kcal mol-1 relative to { ½3dim+1a+1b}) to furnish transient, highly reactive {P^P}CuIII intermediate 5 from which Pa and 6 are generated upon highly rapid and strongly downhill reductive elimination. It renders 6 to be the most stable species of the cycle for productive HA catalysis and it thus corresponds to the catalyst resting state. The regeneration of catalytically competent 3 from 6 through transmetalation with hydrosilane 1c is found most demanding, but affordable, kinetically (à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾G†¡ = 26.2 kcal mol-1 relative to {6+1c}) and hence is turnover limiting its assessed barrier is compatible with reported catalyst performance data.[6] It is worth mentioning that a similar picture regarding hydrocupration and transmetalation steps has emerged from a recent experimental study by the Buchwald group on a DTBM-SEGPHOS-based CuI catalyst.[7d] A stepwise pathway closely related to 4a†¢A→6 + Pa is preferably traversed for the non-productive reduction of amine electrophile by 3. An intramolecular SN2 N-O bond disruption (à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾G†¡ = 26.3 kcal mol-1 relative to { ½3dim+1b}) precedes highly facile and strongly downhill reductive amine elimination from intervening, highly reactive {P^P}CuIII intermediate 5a. The assessed small kinetic gap (à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾G†¡ = 0.1 kcal mol-1) between discriminative TS structures for productive and non-productive reaction branches reflects adequately the observed close competition between the two processes, which can lead to compromised catalyst performance for improper chosen amine electrophiles. Furthermore, it provides further confidence into the substantial predictive ability of the herein employed high-level computational methodology.[17] Effect of the amine electrophile upon catalyst performance A second part of this study explores the effect of the amine electrophile upon catalyst performance. To this end, the energy profile for two

Life in a High School

Cliques are small groups of between two and twelve individuals. Cliques are small enough that the members feel that they know each other better than do people outside the clique. Members of a clique share common activities and friendships. They are social settings in which adolescents hang out, talk to each other, and form closer friendships. Groups of friends, called cliques can be important for social upgrading, but in most cases the enormous power and effects of these cliques can create alienation, exclusion, and destructive results. In my high school, as well as every other high school in America there are social groups of individuals, called cliques, that effect every individual whether they are an insider or an outsider. Generally there are the cool cliques, the athletic cliques, the freak clique, the skater clique, the smart clique, and the average clique. Almost everyone finds their place in one of these cliques, but there are always a few outsiders who go through high school never knowing where they belong. these are the people who are constantly ridiculed, picked on, and talked about day in and day out. The effects can be devastating, even deadly. In Littleton, Coloraldo two outcast teenagers came into school one day and began shooting, targeting the athletes and other students who had made their lives awful by ridiculing them constantly. Seniors Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold stormed their suburban Denver school with guns and bombs last April 20, killing 12 students and a teacher before taking their own lives(Kenworthy 1). Augustana University education professor Larry Brendtro explained kids who feel powerless and rejected are capable of doing horrible things(Cohen 4). A high school student, Jason Sanchez understands why the two outsider snapped by saying If you go to school, and you dont have friends, it drives you to insanity(Cohen 4). So what do these lonely outcast kids do if they are rejected by everyone Roger Rosenblatt discusses in his article, Welcome to the Works of the Trench Coat, how kids will discover self-worth by hating an enemy(Rosenblatt 1). The kids of Columbine for example look alike; they conceal differences. People who are attracted to clans and cults seek to lose their individuality and discover power and pride in a group. As individuals, the killers Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, were vulnerable, taunted by the other tribes in school– the cliques, the athletes– as geeks and nerds(Rosenblatt 1). The end result as a young girl involved in the murders reported was, He just put a gun to my head, and he started laughing and saying it was all because people were mean to him last year(Rosenblatt 1). The social warfare of cliques has no limits or boundaries; anything can and will happen. Columbine High School is only one example of how high school cliques can be damaging to teenagers. At Glen Ridge High School a group of jocks raped a retarded woman. In that attractive upper-middle-class New Jersey suburb, thirteen jocks were present in the basement where the young womans body was penetrated by a baseball bat and a broomstick. The country was sickened by the inhumanity of a bunch of guys who were among the most admired and envied young men in their community and high school (Lefkowitz 653). These star athletes were not even afraid of being punished. They told their friends and schoolmates of the incident not trying to hide it at all. Athletes are treated as kings of the school. This is not only true for the athletes, but for the cheerleaders too. In the article by Adam Cohen he says While others plod through high school, they glide: their exploits celebrated in the pep rallies and recorded in the school paper and trophy cases(Cohen 2). Another high school student Blake McConnell says that The jocks and the cheerleaders have the most clout, they get out of punishment — even with the police. Joe Blow has a wreck and has been drinking, and he gets the book thrown at him. The quarterback gets busted, and he gets a lighter sentence ( Cohen 2). How does this prepare the so called stars for the real world whenever they are just an average working man How does this make the normal and less special students feel What about the smart people, where is their recognition for all their hard work and success Cohen noted that assemblies to honor the best students rarely lasted twenty minutes. The school yearbook displayed ten photographs of the most mediocre football player. But the outstanding scholar was lucky to get one grainy photo ( Lefkowitz 654). This is leaving the impression on many teens that the jocks are superior while everyone else is below them. What kind of lasting impression will this leave on the kids Lefkowitz stated in her essay, I received hundreds of letters from people, some in their seventies and eighties, who recalled how excluded they felt when their schools anointed one group of guys as leaders(Lefkowitz 654). High school teaches us all many important lessons that stay with us all through our life, and sometimes the lessons inside the classroom are the least of it. High school is a chance for us all to invent ourselves. High school for me was the best of times, even though when I was still in school and someone told this to me I just thought they were crazy. My senior prom, the football games, the pep rallies, and even the trouble I got into are all memories that I will look back upon for the rest of my life and just think how great life was then. I guess though while I was caught up in all the fun and games of high school I never stopped and noticed all the people being left behind. The people who remember high school as pain and suffering. The outsiders that we all picked on not stopping to realize what we had cost them, the best years of their lives.

A mother is a jewel, but a grandmother is a blessing Essay

Having a grandmother in my live is the best thing I could ever ask, my grandmother Imelda was a second mother for me, she is my follow model, I learned many things by her side. My grandmother had three qualities; she was comprehensive, very positive and big lovely person. My grandmother was a comprehensive person, she always tried to get into other shoes to understand and never judge, what a learn about this quality she had, is that people sometimes judge when they did not know the reasons of the actions that people did, that always make problems and the way my grand-mother understand people make me realized that is always better not judge if you do not want you to be judge. Also if I did something wrong, she never punished me, for example, when I crush my truck my mother yelled and punished me, and my grandmother just told me that it was an accident and live goes on. She always had the better advices when something goes wrong. Second, she was a very positive person she loved to see the family together and never see them fight, for example when my uncles fight she always interpose and try to stop them and avoid more problems. When something went wrong she always tried to do her best and saw the good way of that, for example when my uncle was kidnaped, the family did not had hope but she always told us that he would come back early. She tried to did everything what was in her hands to help family and all the people. For instance, she helped my grand-father’s workers with presents and financial support to their families. Finally, she always was a lovely person in all the ways, she loved her husband, my grand-father, until the end of his life by being and support him the last year of his life with his disease and never leave my grand-father to give up. She always support her son’s and daughters in all the possible ways, for example, one day one of my uncles got broke and he did not had a place to live and my grandmother gave him the first floor of the house to live with his wife. She treated and loved her grand-son’s equal, all days she made breakfast and dinner for all the family that wanted to went to the house, she always loved to see the family together. A grand-mother is a second mother and I thank God for giving me that blessing in my life, also I thank God for my big family, the best family and all the good advices that my grand-mother leave me to go on in life and all the beautiful memories she left me. She is not here now, she passed away 4 months ago but I am so happy had her every single day of my live until her last day. That are the three qualities of my grand-mother that I admire and miss every day.

85 Synonyms for House

85 Synonyms for House 85 Synonyms for â€Å"House† 85 Synonyms for â€Å"House† By Mark Nichol An extensive vocabulary exists to describe all the possible variations in the structures in which humans live. This list, which omits most terms of foreign origin and includes temporary and mobile living spaces, includes definitions of many such words to help writers distinguish between them: 1. Abode: Any living space; often used jocularly in a mock-formal tone. 2. Apartment: A living space consisting of one or more rooms in a building or a building complex with at least a few such units. 3. Billet: Quarters in a private home assigned to a member of the military order by an official order (also called a billet), or, informally, living quarters. 4. Boardinghouse: A house that provides room and board (a private or shared room and meals). 5. Bungalow: A small one- or one-and-a-half-story house. 6. Cabin: Originally, a small, crudely constructed one-story dwelling; now, often refers to a vacation home that may be quite large and complex. 7. Caravan: A British English synonym for trailer (see below), in an extension of the sense of a file of vehicles, based on the original meaning of a train of pack animals. 8. Casita: A small house. 9. Castle: Originally, a fortified structure that often served as a dwelling for a nobleman and his family and retainers, now used figuratively for a large, imposing house. 10. Chalet: A characteristic type of house in Switzerland, by extension any similar house; also refers to an Alpine herdsman’s hut. 11. Chateau: A large rural house; also refers to a wine-country estate. 12. Condominium: A unit in an apartment building or a town house complex that is individually owned rather than rented. 13. Cottage: Originally, a small country house (though some cottages were and are not necessarily small), either for vacation use or permanent residence. 14. Countryseat: A country house. 15-16. Digs/diggings: Originally slang referring to student lodgings, now informally referring to any living space. 17. Domicile: A formal term for any place of residence. 18. Double-wide: A mobile home (see below) twice the standard width of a trailer. 19. Duplex: A building with living spaces for two separate residents or groups of residents. 20. Dwelling: A place where one lives. 21. Estate: A piece of land, generally with a large house on it. 22. Farmhouse: A house on a current or onetime farm. 23. Flat: A one-floor apartment. 24. Grange: A farmhouse, but generally refers to the farm itself rather than the living space. 25. Habitation: A living space. 26. Hacienda: A large estate or plantation (see below). 27. Hall: A castle (see above); later, a manor house (see below). 28. Hermitage: A residence or vacation home in a secluded place. 29. Home: A place where one lives, though it also has a qualitative association of the domestic dynamics as opposed to the structure in which people live. 30. Homestead: A home and its adjoining land; also, in the United States, specifically a plot of 160 acres. 31-32. Hooch/hootch: See hut, below. 33. House: A place where one lives, as distinguished from a multiunit building. 34. House trailer: A trailer large enough to serve as a permanent living space, rather than one designed for travel. 35. Houseboat: A boat designed with a superstructure similar to that of a small house, as opposed to a cabin cruiser, which has an interior set into the hull. Some houseboats are navigable, while others are merely floating houses. (Interesting side note: Houseboats are nothing new; the word goes back more than 200 years.) 36. Hovel: A small, often poorly built and squalid house. 37-38. Hut/hutment: A small, simply constructed, and perhaps temporary living space; the latter word may also refer to a collection of huts. 39. Hutch: See hut, above. 40. Lodgement: A place for accommodations. 41. Lodgings: One or more rooms rented as a living space. 42. Lodging house: A house or other building providing living spaces. 43. Manufactured home: See â€Å"mobile home,† below. 44-45. Manor: The house or hall of an estate; also refers to the estate itself; also called a manor house. 46. Manse: A Presbyterian minister’s house provided by a church; also a secular synonym for mansion (see below). 47. Mansion: A large, opulent house. 48. McMansion: A pejorative slang term for a generically unattractive, ostentatious large house. 49. Mobile home: A trailer intended as a permanent, fixed living space. 50. Modular home: A house assembled in sections in a factory and assembled on the building site. 51. Motor home: A large vehicle designed as living quarters; not to be confused with a mobile home (see above). 52. Pad: Living quarters. 53. Palace: A large, elegant house; also, the residence of a monarch or a government leader, and in British English an archbishop or bishop’s official residence. 54. Parsonage: A pastor’s house provided by a church. 55-56. Pension: Hotel or boardinghouse accommodations on the European continent; a building for such purposes is called a pensione. 57. Penthouse: A rooftop structure or living space; also, a shed or an annex. 58. Plantation: An agricultural estate, though the term may refer to the main house on the property. 59. Prefabricated home: See â€Å"modular home,† above. 60. Quarters: One or more areas set aside as living space. 61. Railroad flat: An apartment having a series of rooms arranged in a line. 62. Ranch house: A one-story house typically with a low-pitched roof. 63. Recreational vehicle: See â€Å"motor home,† above. 64. Rectory: A rector or parish priest’s house provided by a church. 65. Residence: Any living space. 66. Rooming house: A house where accommodations are available for rent. 67. Saltbox: A house with a long, rear-sloping roof in back that provides room for two stories in front but only one in back. 68. Shack: See hut, above. 69. Shanty: See hut, above. 70-72. Shotgun house: A house in which the rooms are arranged in a line; also called a shotgun cottage or shotgun shack. 73. Split level: A house with separate levels set off from each other. 74. Suite: A living space consisting of a set of rooms. 75-76. Tenement: Broadly, any living space, but in practical usage an apartment building of low-quality construction; also called a tenement house. 77-79. Town house: A two- or three-story house often connected to one or more similar living spaces; also called a row house or a townhome. The term also can refer to a house in town, especially a city residence of a household that lives primarily in a house in the country. 80. Tract house: One of a collection of similar-looking houses built a particular tract, or plot, of land. 81. Trailer: A mobile structure designed to be towed by a vehicle and used as a temporary living space. 82. Triplex: A building with living spaces for three separate residents or groups of residents. 83. Vicarage: A house for a vicar provided by a church. 84. Villa: A large rural or suburban house; also, in British English, an urban house with a yard that may be connected to other identical living spaces. 85. Walk-up: A multistory apartment building with no elevator, or an apartment in the structure. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Slang Terms for MoneyRound vs. AroundHow to Address Your Elders, Your Doctor, Young Children... and Your CEO

5 Step Power Plan on How to Impress in an Interview

5 Step Power Plan on How to Impress in an Interview It’s sometimes easy to get caught up in doing what we think we’re supposed to do and thinking it’s enough to get the job. We go into interviews thinking we just need to answer all of the interviewer’s questions correctly, pleasantly, and that there is nothing else to it. But that isn’t always the case. More and more hiring managers are looking to be wowed, looking for that interviewee who really stands out from the crowd. Here are 5 ways to make sure you get your interviewer’s attention right off the bat- and hold it.1. Kick off the conversation yourself.Instead of meekly following your interviewer into a room, sitting down, and waiting to be asked your first torture question, why not grab the bull by the horns? Come up with a good ice breaker or- better yet- a question relevant to the hiring manager or the job you’re applying for. Start the conversation off yourself. Your interviewer will be surprised and probably delighted. Get off t he tired script before you’re even on it.2. Turn the tables.If you do get on the script and want off again, look out for ways to turn the table. If the interviewer goes with the standard â€Å"Tell us about yourself† question, give her a few bullet points then pivot: â€Å"I hate to rattle on about myself. Can I ask you a question about your role here to make sure I’m focusing on details that are most relevant for you?†Again, you’ll need to have this question already planned out. Next thing you know, you’re interviewer will be talking again. And you’ll be getting valuable insight and scoring listening points. Plus, hopefully you’re figuring out how to come up with a way to offer yourself up as the ideal solution to the company’s problems. All while sitting back and becoming more and more comfortable in the interviewing room.3. Ask about company problem spots.This only works once you get past the by-rote HR interview type s and get to sit down with your potential supervisor. You need to figure out what the company’s biggest problem is- their pain, so to speak. Don’t diagnosis this yourself; that might come off as arrogant or insulting or presumptuous. Ask a number of excellent (and pre-prepared questions) that get your manager talking about challenges they’ve faced (couch these with compliments first, of course).  4. Learn the stakes of the problems.Once you figure out what’s ailing the company, or just your manager and her team, it’s best to figure out what the consequences of this problem are. Start asking questions around the pain points. Don’t be a bully, and don’t be too transparent in picking things apart, but do get your interviewer talking so she herself admits just how much of a problem the problem is. Get nitty gritty with details. This also helps show your interest and expertise in the workings of the job.5.  Show that you’re the one who can solve them.Now you know what your manager’s biggest problem is. And she knows that you know. She’s going to want to ask how you would solve it. Pivot again! The last thing you want to do is rattle off some strategy that they have likely already tried to no avail.Keep your brilliant solutions to yourself for the time being. Say something like, â€Å"I would certainly need to learn more first, from on the ground here.† Then go on to describe another, similar, but hopefully even bigger problem you tackled at a previous job. Set it up dramatically, make sure your interviewer knows the stakes were high, then describe just how you struck the final blow and solved the problem. She’ll be so dazzled, she’ll hardly make eye contact with the next few interviewees as she tries to imagine you slaying all of her dragon’s as well.What’s most important to remember is that you are not a sheep. You do not have to be ordinary or follow any s cripts. In fact, it’s almost always a better idea to stand out from the crowd. Be intelligent, respectful, extremely well prepared, but also your innovative, exciting self.

Critically evaluate the nation from McGunnigle and Jameson (2000) that Essay

Critically evaluate the nation from McGunnigle and Jameson (2000) that the hospitality industry does not adopt sophisticated Hum - Essay Example They were those who offer excellent comfort whenever someone wishes to temporarily find accommodation in hotels; act anthropologically as tour guides of foreign nationals; manage entertainments for theatres, disco houses and galleries. There lives are an endless management of affairs that constantly change. A number of these hospitality workers have earned a degree; others earned a certificate while the rest are not but take opportunities to maximize their personal skills. Some of them are professionals trained to groom hotels for interior designs and house keeping; cooking nutritious food with delicate garnishes; servicing variety of wines; offering professional skills and geographic knowledge for clients of tourism industry; manage public relations artfully; organize events and celebrations; and other services of similar nature. There working environments are often in excellent or satisfactory facilities. Like how seemingly lucrative the job sounds, they reinvent themselves to what suit best for occasions. The hospitality industry presents an opportunity for supervisory functions who can effectively and efficiently relate with people. There are perks and incentives offered by clients or manager clients in exchange for satisfactory services. There job also provides an opportunity to meet people from varied places and of varying experiences. The industries on the other hand present some threats and weaknesses especially whenever workers are exposed to sexual harassment or degrading experiences at work places. Harris and Reynolds (2004) who studied the motive in the hospitality industry pointed that there are customers who deliberately act or misbehave in abusive manner which cause some level of insecurity that will affect the hospitality providers. It is widely acknowledged that workers are at risk when they are confronted with deviant or dysfunctional customer behaviors. Woods and Kavanaugh (1994), who conducted a study on perception of gender discrimination a nd sexual harassment in hospitality industry with 613 responses, attest that such discrimination happens and are manifested in different manners. Women respondents professed that they are most discriminated in promotion and salaries while male hospitality workers responded that they are more exposed to uncertain possibilities. Woods et. al. (1994) bared that 25% of their respondents of women in hospitality positions experienced sexual harassment at work and that these are pervasive realities in this industry. Moreover, there is evident weakening of market conditions as some establishments within this industry decided to undergo cost-savings in both capital and operational level (Ernst & Young, 2009). Many decided to reduce expenditures, undergo asset management and limited capital improvements (Ernst & Young, 2009). Their situation is at some level unpredictable because they are also governed by developments that may negatively impact the industry, such as issues on insecurity, poli tical upheavals, economic downturns that may result to retrenchments. But such situation is generally true to all profession. What matters foremost is when executives and managers of hospitality industry are able to strategically manage its human resources

Is Chinese currency (Reminbi) Undervalued Essay

Is Chinese currency (Reminbi) Undervalued - Essay Example emand to appreciate its currency since this is primarily viewed as one of the main reasons of loss of manufacturing jobs in the United States and its general deflation (Yang & Besnainou, 106). The RMB is the official currency of the People’s Republic in China having principal or base unit which is yuan. Literally, the RMB means people’s currency. Currency is significantly use for modern exchange of goods and services and this play important role how the country’s economy should operate. There must be significant unbalance economic activities between nations when for instance the US currency is overvalued while China’s currency remains undervalued. On the other hand, suppose the US continues to go for devaluation, this will necessary create significant impacts on its internal economy particularly on the growth of its industries. Considering that US economy and China’s are interrelated and both have active participation in exchange, the move of the ot her may significantly create impacts on how the other should run. Thus, there is a great consideration of knowing if RMB is really undervalued. There are two basic reference rates often considered when evaluating the valuation of currency exchange rate. The first is with respect to purchasing power parity. The next is comparing exchange rate needed to induce trade balance, or balance on the current account. Despite there are basic measurements in finding currency valuation, there are disagreements whether RMB is undervalued or not. There are different arguments whether RMB needs to appreciate or needs to decrease. The question now is how really it is to evaluate RMB which would be fair enough in order to understand its valuation. Reported in Roubini.com (par. 1 – par. 15) are different opinions from economic experts regarding the undervaluation issue of RMB which also involved different measurements they used. Structural shock and technical difficulties facing China’s economy provide no fair measurement

Tourists Ethnic Background and Nature-based Tourism Dissertation

Tourists Ethnic Background and Nature-based Tourism - Dissertation Example New Zealand, London and Scotland), especially by calling attention to the experience aspect of travel. Nature-based experiences have received increased attention from researchers during past few years. Identification of Management Issues Nature-related tourism expects high expertise from individuals working at management level since it initiates funding for conservation as well as raise environmental awareness (Balmford, et al., 2009). As a student of Management, it is very much evident that from research perspective, the interest in nature-based experiences is escalating among individuals (e.g. Mehmetoglu, 2007a, 2007b; Waitt, Lane, & Head, 2003). The focus on cross-cultural differences in tourism experience consumption, however, is for the most part neglected. In an international tourism management context competition is rising, and knowledge of the different markets could be a precondition for success. To create a memorable nature-based experience for international visitors, aware ness of how ethnic group might influence the perception of such experiences is argued essential. In the international tourism management arena, the experiential component of holidays is emphasised in promotion material as well as social media. As a result it is essential to know the customers and the national traits that might somehow characterise them. Statement of Research Question What is the relationship between Tourists’ Ethnic Background and Nature-based Tourism in London? Aim and Objective The purpose of this study is to divide tourist ethnic group, based on cultural point of reference and then compares the resulting segments in terms of the opinion of nature-based experiences of tourism from tourism management viewpoint. Literature review When people from different countries meet in international tourism, ethnic group becomes a central issue of interest. The characteristics of tourists from different countries also become evident when tourists come together in nature- based experience production and consumption. Cultural values held by tourists from different nations hence affect tourist behavior and perception, and can furthermore impact experience creation. In an international tourism context then, it is vital to understand culture (De Mooij & Hofstede, 2010), in order to recognise what tourists from various countries emphasise in their holiday experience. People's valuation of nature-based experiences, their motivation for taking part in them, and their preference for activities are therefore likely to differ according to ethnic group and cultural background. Providers and marketers of experiences are stakeholders in an international market, and from a managerial point of view the challenge is therefore to know the guests' preferences. Nevertheless, adapting to the guests' needs and wants might not be easy, as experiences are individually perceived and socially consumed. In practice, knowledge of nature-based tourists' national characteristics can result in managerial tools that guide adaptation of nature-based experiences to international tourist demands.  

Moral Dilemas Essay Example for Free

Moral Dilemas Essay This situation is a moral dilemma because Captain Ericson has to make a very hard decision, to either destroy the u-boat whilst killing the men in the water or to save the stranded men but risk future trouble and destruction by letting the u-boat go ie it is a situation to which his everyday morality cannot identify a solution. The ethical principles in this situation are very simple but it is very hard to determine what is best for everyone. If you sink the u-boat and kill the men you may have saved the lives of thousands of people in the future but at the same time you have slaughtered 40 hundreds of your own men who have done nothing but fight for their country. Having said this if you leave the u-boat and save your comrades from the water you have saved the lives of a few men but risked the lives of tens of thousands in the future. By destroying the u-boat he is obeying the principle of the military duty of an officer to his superiors and his country by destroying the enemy, and I quote attacking at all costs. On top of performing his military duty by getting rid of the u-boat he is likely to save the lives of the men on convoys that would be threatened by the same u-boat if it were not destroyed. Ericson shut and battened down his mind because it is human nature to doubt a decision directly after having made it; this is done because of our need for perfection. And so Ericson did this because he did not want nor could he allow doubt to enter his mind for even a second for fear of inaccuracy in judgement and failure to carryout his decision with precision. Also in order to be at ease with his decision he constantly needs to reassure himself that it was the right choice and this would be extremely hard to do if he constantly had doubt creeping into his head. Also he needs to block out all human emotions and pity for those men in order to make the correct decision. Some would argue that Ericsons actions were completely irrational because instead of avoiding violence and death which would have spared many lives he went ahead with his military instinct, as a result killing many men both English and foreign. Some would argue that he had the chance to come out of the situation without a slaughter on his hands, which according to the religious man would have been the moral thing to do. However we must ask ourselves what we are doing in a war if we are not prepared to make a decision based in military procedure and ethics for the greater good. Therefore from my point of view I feel that Ericson made a responsible decision taking into account the factor of the safety of other men in an extremely pressured situation, a situation which thankfully I will probably never have to make nor do I feel I would have the strength nor the character to make a well balanced decision and stand for the consequences. His decision may not have been the right one but there are always going to be people with different points of view on things but whether it was the right one or not is not really relevant nor should it be dwelt upon as everyone makes mistakes at some point in their lives. In this case it was his decision to make because his superiors obviously thought he was the right man for the job, not without reason and so he made the decision under extreme pressure and in a situation which did not have many alternatives which he had been appointed to make following not moral procedure but military procedure as is the custom during. And so taking all of this into consideration I personally feel he did the right thing. As always with a question like this we must consider both arguments. To be honest we cannot establish whether Ericson is a good person or not, as the case may be simply by examining one event as people make mistakes, that is what makes us human. Having said this there is no real reason to assume that his actions were a mistake and that he acted wrongly. On the contrary I feel that Ericson did exactly what a man in his position should do. He acted only after he was sure and only after taking into account the consequences of his actions and in this case he clearly felt that he would be acting for the greater good. In war it is the norm to sacrifice one man for the safety of hundreds of others and I feel that even thought his theory is not religiously moral it is still correct because in a time of war we have no time for things like moral issues, its either kill or be killed, the enemy will shoe no mercy so why should we. Therefore I do think that he is a good person as I simply think that he is a very stressed out man in a very difficult situation with the lives of hundreds at his mercy trying to do the right thing which is military procedure which he would have been taught; kill for the greater good. Having said this a religious man would say not necessarily that he is a bad man but that he made the wrong decision in this case because instead of avoiding murder which although is lisenced in war is morally wrong. He would look much deeper into the emotions of those men in the water which is exactly what military school trains you not to do, mixing emotions with actions can get you confused and in a military situation this can make you weak and vulnerable. Therefore in conclusion I think it is fair to say that we cannot really establish whether he is a good man or not but that according to some peoples views he made the wrong decision.